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What is Water Purification?


Water purification is the process of removing
undesirable chemicals, materials, and biological contaminants from contaminated water.

The goal is to produce water fit for a specific purpose.
Most water is purified for human consumption (drinking water)
but water purification may also be designed for a variety of other purposes,
including meeting the requirements of medical, pharmacology, chemical and industrial applications.

In general the methods used include physical processes
such as filtration and sedimentation, biological processes
such as slow sand filters or activated sludge, chemical processes
such as flocculation and chlorination and the use of electromagnetic radiation
such as ultraviolet light.

The purification process of water may reduce the concentration of particulate matter
including suspended particles, parasites, bacteria, algae, viruses, fungi;
and a range of dissolved and particulate material derived from the surfaces
that water may have made contact with after falling as rain.

The standards for drinking water quality are typically set by governments or by international standards.
These standards will typically set minimum and maximum concentrations of contaminants
for the use that is to be made of the water.